Affinage · Toxoplasma gondii

ROP1

rhoptry protein ROP1 · UniProt A0A125YP48

Annotated
2026-09-08
63 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ROP1 is a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein that is discharged into the nascent parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) during host cell invasion and functions both as a structural determinant of rhoptry organelle morphology and as a secreted effector that manipulates the host cell (PMID:1403988, PMID:8719248, PMID:36476844). It is synthesized as a pre-pro-protein and processed in the secretory pathway: the pro-region is removed by cleavage between Glu83 and Ala84 within nascent rhoptries (PMID:9851605, PMID:10376998), a maturation step attributed to the rhoptry subtilisin-like serine protease TgSUB2, which associates with ROP1 and shares the relevant cleavage specificity (PMID:12890015). Rhoptry targeting is directed by at least two independent sorting signals — the pro-region and a central mature-domain region — either of which is sufficient to route a heterologous reporter to rhoptries (PMID:11513886, PMID:11254953), while pro-region processing itself is dispensable for targeting and secretion (PMID:12467986). ROP1-marked vesicles are delivered through the endomembrane system by an F-actin/TgMyoF-dependent transport mechanism that also positions rhoptries apically (PMID:33529198). Genetic ablation of ROP1 does not impair in vitro growth or invasion but alters rhoptry ultrastructure, a phenotype reversed by complementation (PMID:8235614, PMID:8719248). As an effector, ROP1 is required for virulence and for resistance to interferon-gamma-mediated innate immune restriction in macrophages, acting in part through interaction with the host regulator C1QBP (PMID:36476844), and it tethers the host endoplasmic reticulum to the parasitophorous vacuole by mimicking a canonical FFAT motif to bind host VAPA/VAPB, establishing membrane contact sites that support infection (PMID:41291278).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1992 Medium

    Establishing ROP1 as a rhoptry-resident protein linked to invasion answered where the protein resides and hinted at a role in host penetration.

    Evidence cDNA cloning with monoclonal antibody Tg49, recombinant expression, and rhoptry immunolocalization, with antibody inhibition of penetration enhancing factor

    PMID:1542304

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical reconstitution of penetration enhancement not demonstrated
    • Functional contribution to invasion not tested genetically at this stage
  2. 1993 High

    Time-resolved localization established that ROP1 is discharged from rhoptries at the apical tip within minutes of invasion and deposited onto the nascent PVM, with kinetics distinct from dense granules, defining it as a rhoptry secretion marker.

    Evidence Immunoelectron microscopy and IFA at sequential invasion time points in fibroblasts and murine sarcoma cells

    PMID:1403988 PMID:8415546

    Open questions at the time
    • Fate of ROP1 after PVM association not resolved
    • Signals governing rhoptry-specific timing unknown
  3. 1993 High

    Generating the first stable T. gondii gene knockout showed ROP1 is a single-copy gene dispensable for in vitro growth, decoupling it from essential viability functions.

    Evidence Homologous-recombination gene replacement with CAT marker, Southern blot confirmation

    PMID:8235614

    Open questions at the time
    • No phenotype identified at this stage
    • Role in vivo not tested
  4. 1995 High

    Knockout-and-complementation defined ROP1's cellular role as a determinant of rhoptry electron-opacity/ultrastructure rather than of growth or invasion.

    Evidence Gene knockout, electron microscopy of rhoptry ultrastructure, and complementation rescue in the RH strain

    PMID:8719248

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the ultrastructural change unknown
    • No detectable virulence phenotype in RH under these conditions
  5. 1997 High

    Quantitative secretion kinetics placed ROP1 discharge in a defined second step of invasion, after MIC2 release and before dense granule secretion, implying independent release signals per compartment.

    Evidence IFA, immunoelectron microscopy, and quantitative immunoassays tracking secretion during fibroblast invasion

    PMID:9208224

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular triggers of sequential secretion unknown
  6. 1999 High

    Defining ROP1 as a pre-pro-protein and mapping the Glu83–Ala84 pro-mature cleavage site established the maturation logic of a rhoptry protein.

    Evidence Brefeldin A and temperature-block processing experiments with engineered constructs, plus mass spectrometry mapping the cleavage site

    PMID:9851605 PMID:10376998

    Open questions at the time
    • Protease responsible not yet identified
    • Functional consequence of processing unresolved
  7. 2001 High

    Domain-swap and systematic deletion mapping resolved that ROP1 carries at least two independent rhoptry-targeting signals — the pro-region and a central 146-aa region — with default routing to the PV via dense granules when both are lost.

    Evidence Chimeric pro-region/VSG117 reporter and ROP1-GFP deletion series expressed in T. gondii with fluorescence and secretion assays

    PMID:11513886 PMID:11254953 PMID:9657336

    Open questions at the time
    • Trans-acting receptors recognizing these signals not identified
    • ROP1-GFP fusions were not secreted, indicating secretion determinants beyond targeting
  8. 2002 Medium

    Testing unprocessed ROP1 showed pro-region cleavage is required for neither rhoptry targeting nor secretion, separating maturation from trafficking.

    Evidence Expression of engineered unprocessed ROP1 constructs with localization and secretion assays

    PMID:12467986

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological purpose of processing remains undefined
    • Single-lab construct-based readout
  9. 2003 Medium

    Identifying TgSUB2 as a rhoptry subtilisin that associates with ROP1 and shares its cleavage specificity nominated the maturase responsible for ROP1 processing.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation/association of TgSUB2 with ROP1, site-directed mutagenesis of the TgSUB2 cleavage site, rhoptry localization

    PMID:12890015

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct cleavage of ROP1 by TgSUB2 not reconstituted in vitro
    • Whether TgSUB2 is the sole ROP1 maturase unknown
  10. 2021 Medium

    Live imaging defined the transport machinery, showing F-actin and TgMyoF drive directed movement of ROP1-positive vesicles and apical rhoptry positioning.

    Evidence Live imaging of ROP1-marked vesicles under TgMyoF depletion and actin perturbation

    PMID:33529198

    Open questions at the time
    • Adaptors linking ROP1 vesicles to TgMyoF not identified
    • Single-lab imaging study
  11. 2021 Medium

    A resistance-conferring P207S mutation implicated ROP1 as a target or resistance determinant of the compound KG8, linking the protein to small-molecule susceptibility.

    Evidence Chemical mutagenesis/selection, whole-genome sequencing, transgenic P207S expression, EC50 measurements, and knockout insensitivity

    PMID:33361291

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism downstream of a ROP1–KG8 interaction not established
    • Whether ROP1 binds KG8 directly unknown
  12. 2022 High

    In vivo CRISPR screening and validation redefined ROP1 as a virulence effector required to counteract interferon-gamma-mediated immune restriction, acting through the host regulator C1QBP independently of rhoptry secretion.

    Evidence Pooled in vivo CRISPR knockout screen, ROP1 knockout growth assays in murine and human macrophages, EM morphology, secretion assays, and Co-IP with C1QBP

    PMID:36476844

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which C1QBP interaction blunts IFN-gamma restriction not resolved
    • Reciprocal/structural validation of the ROP1–C1QBP interaction not shown
  13. 2025 High

    Discovery of an FFAT-motif mimic mechanism established ROP1 as a molecular tether that recruits host ER via VAPA/VAPB to form functionally important membrane contact sites with the parasitophorous vacuole.

    Evidence MCS fluorescence sensor, CRISPR loss-of-function screen, imaging, proteomics, Co-IP of ROP1 with VAPA/VAPB, and VAPA/B host knockout growth assay

    PMID:41291278

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream metabolic or signaling consequence of ER–PV contact sites for the parasite not fully defined
    • Relationship between the C1QBP and VAPA/B host interactions unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ROP1's structural role in rhoptry morphology mechanistically relates to its effector functions at the host interface, and how its multiple host partners are coordinated, remains open.
  • No structural model integrating rhoptry-morphology and effector activities
  • Coordination between C1QBP-dependent immune evasion and VAPA/B-dependent ER tethering unknown
  • Receptor(s) recognizing ROP1 rhoptry-targeting signals not identified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification
Partners
HOST C1QBP [#15]HOST VAPA / VAPB [#16]TGMYOF / F-ACTIN (VESICLE TRANSPORT MACHINERY) [#13]TGSUB2 (RHOPTRY SUBTILISIN-LIKE PROTEASE, CANDIDATE MATURASE) [#12]

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 ROP1 is a rhoptry protein whose monoclonal antibody (Tg49) inhibits penetration enhancing factor (a proteinaceous factor that increases invasion efficiency), suggesting ROP1 is a component of that factor. The predicted polypeptide shows an unusual charge asymmetry with a highly acidic, proline-rich N-terminal domain and a strongly basic C-terminal domain, plus an octapeptide repeat near the midpoint. cDNA library screening with monoclonal antibody Tg49, recombinant protein expression in bacteria, Western blot, immunolocalization of rhoptries Molecular and biochemical parasitology Medium 1542304
1992 ROP1 localizes within the body of rhoptries prior to invasion; immediately after host cell invasion it associates with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM); within hours post-invasion the amount of ROP1 immunodetectable on the PVM markedly decreases, indicating ROP1 is discharged from rhoptries into the nascent PVM during invasion. Immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibody Tg49 and monospecific rabbit antiserum at multiple time points after invasion of human fibroblasts and TG180 murine sarcoma cells The Journal of protozoology High 1403988
1993 The ROP1 gene is a single-copy gene. Knockout of ROP1 by gene replacement using CAT as selectable marker was achieved, establishing the first stable gene knockout in Toxoplasma gondii and demonstrating ROP1 is dispensable for in vitro growth under standard conditions. Homologous recombination gene replacement with CAT selectable marker, Southern blot confirmation Science (New York, N.Y.) High 8235614
1993 ROP1 is discharged from rhoptries at the apical area of the tachyzoite within minutes of invasion and associates with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane; the kinetics of rhoptry secretion differ from dense granule secretion. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoelectron microscopy at sequential stages after infection Parasitology research High 8415546
1995 ROP1 knockout parasites show no significant alteration in growth rate, host specificity, invasiveness, or virulence in the RH strain, but their rhoptries display an altered ultrastructure — thinner and homogeneously electron-dense rather than the normal mottled/honeycombed appearance. Complementation with wild-type ROP1 rescues the ultrastructural phenotype, establishing a causal link between ROP1 and rhoptry electron-opacity. Knockout by homologous recombination, electron microscopy of rhoptry ultrastructure, complementation by co-transfection with cosmid carrying ROP1 plus phleomycin selectable marker, Southern blot Molecular and biochemical parasitology High 8719248
1997 During host cell invasion, ROP1 is discharged from rhoptries in a second step (after apical MIC2 release) to form the nascent parasitophorous vacuole (PV); ROP1 is fully discharged into the vacuole by the time invasion is complete, while dense granule markers are released later (peaking ~20 min post-invasion). This sequential secretion implies separate signals govern each compartment's release. Immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and quantitative immunoassays tracking secretion kinetics during invasion of human fibroblasts European journal of cell biology High 9208224
1998 ROP1 is synthesized as a pre-pro-protein; the pre-sequence and 'pro' region are removed by proteolytic cleavage in the nascent rhoptries of dividing parasites late in the secretory pathway (demonstrated using brefeldin A and reduced-temperature blocks). Processing occurs after the protein enters the secretory pathway. Engineered ROP1 constructs introduced into ROP1-knockout background, brefeldin A and temperature-block experiments, immunolocalization with epitope-tagged constructs Molecular and biochemical parasitology High 9851605
1998 GFP fusion proteins with ROP1 are correctly targeted to rhoptries in living parasites, demonstrating that ROP1 contains sorting information sufficient to direct a reporter to this organelle. GFP fusion protein expression and fluorescence microscopy in living T. gondii Molecular and biochemical parasitology Medium 9657336
1999 The pro-region of ROP1 is cleaved between glutamic acid at position 83 and alanine at position 84 (the pro-mature processing site), determined by mass spectrometry of an engineered form of ROP1. Mature ROP1 lacks substantial post-translational modifications. Mass spectrometry of engineered ROP1 expressed in T. gondii ROP1-knockout background Molecular and biochemical parasitology High 10376998
2001 The ROP1 pro region alone is sufficient to target a heterologous reporter protein (VSG117 amino acids 34–471) to rhoptries. Combined with prior work showing deletion of the pro region does not abolish rhoptry targeting, this demonstrates ROP1 contains at least two independent rhoptry-targeting signals. Chimeric construct of ROP1 pro region fused to VSG117 reporter, expressed in T. gondii and localized by immunofluorescence International journal for parasitology High 11513886
2001 The propeptide and a central 146-amino-acid region of ROP1 are sufficient to target GFP to rhoptries; more extensive deletions divert the reporter to the parasitophorous vacuole via dense granules (the default secretory pathway). ROP1-GFP fusion proteins, though correctly targeted, are not secreted during invasion, suggesting rhoptry secretion involves more than simple organelle content release. Systematic deletion analysis of ROP1-GFP fusion constructs expressed in T. gondii, fluorescence microscopy, invasion secretion assays Molecular and biochemical parasitology High 11254953
2002 Unprocessed ROP1 (lacking the pro-region cleavage) is effectively targeted to rhoptries and is secreted into the nascent parasitophorous vacuole during invasion, demonstrating that pro-region processing is not required for either rhoptry targeting or secretion. Expression of engineered unprocessed ROP1 constructs in T. gondii, localization and secretion assays Molecular and biochemical parasitology Medium 12467986
2003 TgSUB2, a subtilisin-like serine proteinase localizing to rhoptries, associates with ROP1 and is a candidate maturase responsible for ROP1 processing. A sequence within TgSUB2 homologous to the ROP1 cleavage site (after Glu) was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis, abolishing TgSUB2 autoprocessing, consistent with TgSUB2 being the rhoptry protein maturase with similar specificity to the ROP1 maturase. Co-immunoprecipitation/association assay (TgSUB2 with ROP1), site-directed mutagenesis of TgSUB2 cleavage site, rhoptry localization Molecular microbiology Medium 12890015
2021 F-actin and the unconventional myosin motor TgMyoF control the directed transport of ROP1-positive vesicles within the T. gondii endomembrane system, and are required for apical positioning of rhoptries. Live imaging of ROP1-marked vesicles in TgMyoF-depleted and actin-perturbed parasites, fluorescence microscopy PLoS pathogens Medium 33529198
2021 A P207S mutation in ROP1 confers significant resistance (10.3-fold increased EC50) to the benzoquinone acyl hydrazone compound KG8; expressing ROP1-P207S in parental parasites is sufficient for resistance, and a rop1 knockout strain is insensitive to KG8, implicating ROP1 as a target or resistance determinant for this compound. In vitro chemical mutagenesis and selection, whole-genome sequencing of resistant clones, expression of ROP1 P207S in parental parasites, EC50 measurements, rop1 knockout phenotyping Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Medium 33361291
2022 ROP1 is essential for parasite virulence and resistance to interferon-gamma-mediated innate immune restriction in both murine and human macrophages. ROP1 affects rhoptry morphology but does not affect rhoptry secretion. ROP1 co-immunoprecipitates with the host cell protein C1QBP, an emerging regulator of innate immune signaling, suggesting ROP1 counteracts innate immunity partly through interaction with C1QBP. Pooled CRISPR knockout screen in vivo, ROP1 knockout growth assays in murine and human macrophages, rhoptry morphology analysis by electron microscopy, secretion assays, co-immunoprecipitation of ROP1 with C1QBP PLoS pathogens High 36476844
2025 TgROP1 acts as a tether establishing membrane contact sites (MCS) between the host endoplasmic reticulum and the Toxoplasma-containing parasitophorous vacuole. ROP1 mimics a canonical FFAT motif to bind host ER proteins VAPA and VAPB. Loss of VAPA/B abolishes host ER–Toxoplasma MCS and decreases parasite growth, demonstrating these contacts are functionally important for infection. Fluorescence MCS sensor, CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen, imaging, proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation of ROP1 with VAPA/VAPB, VAPA/B knockout host cells with parasite growth assay Nature microbiology High 41291278

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 63 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1997 Sequential protein secretion from three distinct organelles of Toxoplasma gondii accompanies invasion of human fibroblasts. European journal of cell biology 565 9208224
1993 Gene replacement in Toxoplasma gondii with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as selectable marker. Science (New York, N.Y.) 240 8235614
1993 Kinetics and pattern of organelle exocytosis during Toxoplasma gondii/host-cell interaction. Parasitology research 158 8415546
1998 Expression, selection, and organellar targeting of the green fluorescent protein in Toxoplasma gondii. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 152 9657336
2002 Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling acute virulence in Toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 133 12149482
2000 Recombinant antigens to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in human sera by enzyme immunoassay. Journal of clinical microbiology 132 10699010
2002 Toxoplasma gondii asexual development: identification of developmentally regulated genes and distinct patterns of gene expression. Eukaryotic cell 131 12455982
1992 A Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein associated with host cell penetration has unusual charge asymmetry. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 112 1542304
1992 Localization of a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein by immunoelectron microscopy during and after host cell penetration. The Journal of protozoology 98 1403988
2005 Seroreactivity to and avidity for recombinant antigens in toxoplasmosis. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 89 16085916
2001 Targeting of soluble proteins to the rhoptries and micronemes in Toxoplasma gondii. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 80 11254953
1998 Processing of Toxoplasma ROP1 protein in nascent rhoptries. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 80 9851605
2003 TgSUB2 is a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry organelle processing proteinase. Molecular microbiology 69 12890015
1995 Complementation of a Toxoplasma gondii ROP1 knock-out mutant using phleomycin selection. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 66 8719248
1995 A ubiquitous intracellular parasite: the cellular biology of Toxoplasma gondii. International journal for parasitology 55 8635882
2009 GRA2 and ROP1 recombinant antigens as potential markers for detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G in humans with acute toxoplasmosis. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 44 19225074
2016 Induction of Protective Immunity against Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice Vaccinated with Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry-1. Frontiers in microbiology 42 27303390
2012 Induction of protective immune responses by a multiantigenic DNA vaccine encoding GRA7 and ROP1 of Toxoplasma gondii. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 42 22419676
2001 The pro region of Toxoplasma ROP1 is a rhoptry-targeting signal. International journal for parasitology 42 11513886
2003 Role of cytokines and major histocompatibility complex restriction in mouse resistance to infection with a natural recombinant strain (type I-III) of Toxoplasma gondii. Infection and immunity 37 14573660
1999 Identification of the pro-mature processing site of Toxoplasma ROP1 by mass spectrometry. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 33 10376998
2002 Unprocessed Toxoplasma ROP1 is effectively targeted and secreted into the nascent parasitophorous vacuole. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 32 12467986
2022 Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP1 reduces parasite susceptibility to murine and human innate immune restriction. PLoS pathogens 31 36476844
2015 A new Toxoplasma gondii chimeric antigen containing fragments of SAG2, GRA1, and ROP1 proteins-impact of immunodominant sequences size on its diagnostic usefulness. Parasitology research 30 26055987
2021 Actin and an unconventional myosin motor, TgMyoF, control the organization and dynamics of the endomembrane network in Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS pathogens 28 33529198
2019 The first study on the usefulness of recombinant tetravalent chimeric proteins containing fragments of SAG2, GRA1, ROP1 and AMA1 antigens in the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mouse and human sera. PloS one 27 31170254
2004 MVA ROP2 vaccinia virus recombinant as a vaccine candidate for toxoplasmosis. Parasitology 26 15151145
2015 Secreted Toxoplasma gondii molecules interfere with expression of MHC-II in interferon gamma-activated macrophages. International journal for parasitology 25 25720921
2018 Discovery of new Toxoplasma gondii antigenic proteins using a high throughput protein microarray approach screening sera of murine model infected orally with oocysts and tissue cysts. Parasites & vectors 24 29973272
2013 Occurrence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected pigs. Acta parasitologica 21 23990434
2012 Toxoplasma gondii antigens recognized by IgG antibodies differ between mice with and without active proliferation of tachyzoites in the brain during the chronic stage of infection. Infection and immunity 21 22851753
2014 The optimal mixture of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (GRA1, P22, ROP1) for diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis. Veterinary parasitology 20 25300561
2010 Immunological response of sheep to injections of plasmids encoding Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 and ROP1 genes. Parasite immunology 20 20691019
2003 Induction of immune responses in mice by vaccination with Liposome-entrapped DNA complexes encoding Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 and ROP1 genes. Chinese medical journal 20 14570624
2015 New recombinant chimeric antigens, P35-MAG1, MIC1-ROP1, and MAG1-ROP1, for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 18 25702523
2011 Modulation of immune response to Toxoplasma gondii in sheep by immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding ROP1 antigen as a fusion protein with ovine CD154. Veterinary parasitology 18 21742437
2003 Igm recognition of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii antigens by sera of acutely or latently infected humans. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 18 12573550
2018 A novel chemiluminescent immunoassay based on original acridinium ester labels as better solution for diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis than conventional ELISA test. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 17 29398460
2001 Immunity induced by DNA vaccine of plasmid encoding the rhoptry protein 1 gene combined with the genetic adjuvant of pcIFN-gamma against Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Chinese medical journal 17 11780322
2014 A new human IgG avidity test, using mixtures of recombinant antigens (rROP1, rSAG2, rGRA6), for the diagnosis of difficult-to-identify phases of toxoplasmosis. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 16 24768295
2010 Toxoplasma gondii: usefulness of ROP1 recombinant antigen in an immunoglobulin G avidity assay for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis in humans. Polish journal of microbiology 16 21466050
1999 Attachment ligands of viable Toxoplasma gondii induce soluble immunosuppressive factors in human monocytes. Infection and immunity 15 10225919
2005 The Toxoplasma surface protein SAG1 triggers efficient in vitro secretion of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) from human fibroblasts. Microbes and infection 14 16213182
2005 Genetic characteristics of the Korean isolate KI-1 of Toxoplasma gondii. The Korean journal of parasitology 12 15793356
2019 Toxoplasma gondii Tetravalent Chimeric Proteins as Novel Antigens for Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin G in Sera of Small Ruminants. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 11 31847285
2001 Construction of a recombinant plasmid harbouring the rhoptry protein 1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii and preliminary observations on DNA immunity. Chinese medical journal 11 11780362
2018 Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii clonal type-specific antibody reactions in experimentally infected turkeys and chickens. International journal for parasitology 10 29969590
2023 Evaluation of long-term immunity and protection against T. gondii after immunization with multivalent recombinant chimeric T. gondii proteins. Scientific reports 9 37563166
2019 The Impact of the Antigenic Composition of Chimeric Proteins on Their Immunoprotective Activity against Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Mice. Vaccines 9 31635267
2024 The Development of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant Trivalent Chimeric Proteins as an Alternative to Toxoplasma Lysate Antigen (TLA) in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Small Ruminants. International journal of molecular sciences 8 38673969
2020 The Immunogenic and Immunoprotective Activities of Recombinant Chimeric T. gondii Proteins Containing AMA1 Antigen Fragments. Vaccines 6 33276579
2018 T-cell profiles elicited by Toxoplasma gondii in acutely/chronically infected humans. Parasite immunology 5 29633283
2025 Toxoplasma effector TgROP1 establishes membrane contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum during infection. Nature microbiology 4 41291278
2023 An image-based high-content screening for compounds targeting Toxoplasma gondii repurposed inhibitors effective against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 1 36936758
2013 Expression and Purification of Recombinant ROP1 of Toxoplasma gondii in Bacteria. Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology 1 24285997
2003 Low virulence of oocysts of Czech Toxoplasma gondii isolates on the basis of biological and genetic characteristics. The Journal of parasitology 1 14533690
1997 Murine Th1 clone defines a 60 kD tachyzoite antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasite immunology 1 9194100
2026 A parasitic secretory relay rewires host ER contacts. Trends in parasitology 0 41513471
2026 Publisher Correction: Toxoplasma effector TgROP1 establishes membrane contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum during infection. Nature microbiology 0 41430485
2021 In Vitro Selection Implicates ROP1 as a Resistance Gene for an Experimental Therapeutic Benzoquinone Acyl Hydrazone in Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 0 33361291
2006 [Biological characteristics of the Korean isolate KI-1 of Toxoplasma gondii]. Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi = Chinese journal of parasitology & parasitic diseases 0 17094617
2004 K24 T. gondii isolate is a hybrid and has the virulence of lineage I isolates. Parasite (Paris, France) 0 15224580
1999 [Immune responses in mice vaccinated with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3 containing ROP1 gene from Toxoplasma gondii]. Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi = Chinese journal of parasitology & parasitic diseases 0 12563725