{"gene":"TG_289750","gene_symbol":"RPL40","run_date":"2026-09-08T14:08:30","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2019,"finding":"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) is present in circulating antigens and excretory/secretory antigens (ESA) of Toxoplasma gondii, as determined by Western blotting with antibody prepared against recombinant TgRPL40.","method":"Western blotting of circulating antigens and ESA fractions using anti-recombinant TgRPL40 antibody","journal":"Folia parasitologica","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct biochemical fractionation and detection, single lab, two orthogonal detection approaches (Western blot + immunofluorescence/immunoelectron microscopy)","pmids":["31592775"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2019,"finding":"TgRPL40 protein is widely distributed throughout the tachyzoite stage of T. gondii, as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.","method":"Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-TgRPL40 antibody","journal":"Folia parasitologica","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization by two orthogonal imaging methods, single lab","pmids":["31592775"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) is a secreted/circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites that is broadly distributed throughout the parasite and is present in excretory/secretory antigens, with immunization against recombinant TgRPL40 conferring partial immune protection in mice."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) of Toxoplasma gondii is a tachyzoite antigen that is broadly distributed throughout the parasite and is recovered in both circulating antigen and excretory/secretory antigen (ESA) fractions [PMID:31592775]. Its presence in ESA and circulating fractions was established by Western blotting with an antibody raised against recombinant TgRPL40, and its parasite-wide distribution across the tachyzoite was confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy [PMID:31592775]. Beyond this antigenic localization and secretion profile, no molecular activity, binding partners, or mechanistic role for TgRPL40 has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2019,"claim":"Whether TgRPL40 is confined intracellularly or reaches the parasite secretome was unknown; detecting it in circulating and excretory/secretory antigen fractions established it as a released/circulating antigen relevant to host exposure.","evidence":"Western blotting of circulating antigen and ESA fractions with anti-recombinant TgRPL40 antibody","pmids":["31592775"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Mechanism and route of secretion not defined","No functional or enzymatic role established for the protein","Strain not specified"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2019,"claim":"The subcellular and stage distribution of TgRPL40 was unknown; imaging showed it is broadly distributed throughout the tachyzoite, consistent with an abundant, non-compartment-restricted antigen.","evidence":"Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-TgRPL40 antibody in tachyzoites","pmids":["31592775"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No specific organellar assignment resolved","Distribution in other life-cycle stages not examined","No link between localization and function established"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The molecular function of TgRPL40, its role in the ribosome or ubiquitin pathway, its binding partners, and the basis of any protective immunity it confers remain uncharacterized in the available corpus.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No enzymatic or ribosomal activity demonstrated experimentally","No interaction partners or complex membership identified","Mechanism of immune protection not defined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":[],"partners":[],"other_free_text":["Detected in circulating antigen and excretory/secretory antigen (ESA) fractions of T. gondii tachyzoites [#0]","Broadly distributed throughout the tachyzoite by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy [#1]","Named as a ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40, but no ribosomal or ubiquitin-related activity is experimentally characterized in the corpus"]},"strain_conflicts":[]},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"31592775","id":"PMC_31592775","title":"Toxoplasma gondii RPL40 is a circulating antigen with immune protection effect.","date":"2019","source":"Folia parasitologica","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592775","citation_count":3,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":2871,"output_tokens":570,"usd":0.008582,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5222,"output_tokens":1392,"usd":0.030455,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.039037,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_015xmQKDRqnTh9anE4m7LiD6","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01JLpkFTVhoQBNgqHCKFrVVU","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"finding\": \"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) is present in circulating antigens and excretory/secretory antigens (ESA) of Toxoplasma gondii, as determined by Western blotting with antibody prepared against recombinant TgRPL40.\",\n      \"method\": \"Western blotting of circulating antigens and ESA fractions using anti-recombinant TgRPL40 antibody\",\n      \"journal\": \"Folia parasitologica\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct biochemical fractionation and detection, single lab, two orthogonal detection approaches (Western blot + immunofluorescence/immunoelectron microscopy)\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31592775\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"finding\": \"TgRPL40 protein is widely distributed throughout the tachyzoite stage of T. gondii, as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.\",\n      \"method\": \"Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-TgRPL40 antibody\",\n      \"journal\": \"Folia parasitologica\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — direct localization by two orthogonal imaging methods, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"31592775\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) is a secreted/circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites that is broadly distributed throughout the parasite and is present in excretory/secretory antigens, with immunization against recombinant TgRPL40 conferring partial immune protection in mice.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TgRPL40 (ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40) of Toxoplasma gondii is a tachyzoite antigen that is broadly distributed throughout the parasite and is recovered in both circulating antigen and excretory/secretory antigen (ESA) fractions [#0, #1]. Its presence in ESA and circulating fractions was established by Western blotting with an antibody raised against recombinant TgRPL40, and its parasite-wide distribution across the tachyzoite was confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy [#0, #1]. Beyond this antigenic localization and secretion profile, no molecular activity, binding partners, or mechanistic role for TgRPL40 has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"claim\": \"Whether TgRPL40 is confined intracellularly or reaches the parasite secretome was unknown; detecting it in circulating and excretory/secretory antigen fractions established it as a released/circulating antigen relevant to host exposure.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Western blotting of circulating antigen and ESA fractions with anti-recombinant TgRPL40 antibody\",\n      \"pmids\": [\n        \"31592775\"\n      ],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Mechanism and route of secretion not defined\",\n        \"No functional or enzymatic role established for the protein\",\n        \"Strain not specified\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2019,\n      \"claim\": \"The subcellular and stage distribution of TgRPL40 was unknown; imaging showed it is broadly distributed throughout the tachyzoite, consistent with an abundant, non-compartment-restricted antigen.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-TgRPL40 antibody in tachyzoites\",\n      \"pmids\": [\n        \"31592775\"\n      ],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No specific organellar assignment resolved\",\n        \"Distribution in other life-cycle stages not examined\",\n        \"No link between localization and function established\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The molecular function of TgRPL40, its role in the ribosome or ubiquitin pathway, its binding partners, and the basis of any protective immunity it confers remain uncharacterized in the available corpus.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No enzymatic or ribosomal activity demonstrated experimentally\",\n        \"No interaction partners or complex membership identified\",\n        \"Mechanism of immune protection not defined\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\n          \"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\",\n          \"strain\": \"\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\n        \"term_id\": \"extracellular region\",\n        \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0],\n        \"attribution\": [\n          {\n            \"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\",\n            \"strain\": \"\"\n          }\n        ]\n      }\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [],\n    \"partners\": [],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Detected in circulating antigen and excretory/secretory antigen (ESA) fractions of T. gondii tachyzoites [#0]\",\n      \"Broadly distributed throughout the tachyzoite by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy [#1]\",\n      \"Named as a ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40, but no ribosomal or ubiquitin-related activity is experimentally characterized in the corpus\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"strain_conflicts\": []\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"ME49","gene_id":"TGME49_289750","name":"RPL40","product":"ribosomal-ubiquitin protein RPL40","uniprot_acc":"A0A125YNY5","chromosome":"TGME49_chrIX","start_pos":3427650},{"strain":"GT1","gene_id":"TGGT1_289750","name":null,"product":"ribosomal-ubiquitin protein RPL40","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"TGGT1_chrIX","start_pos":3235966},{"strain":"RH88","gene_id":"TGRH88_014510","name":null,"product":"ribosomal-ubiquitin protein RPL40","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"CM023090","start_pos":3491767},{"strain":"VEG","gene_id":"TGVEG_289750","name":null,"product":"ribosomal-ubiquitin protein RPL40","uniprot_acc":"B9PTM6","chromosome":"TGVEG_chrIX","start_pos":3461937}]}