{"gene":"TG_259640","gene_symbol":"NUP302","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:58:25","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2017,"finding":"TgNup302 is the Toxoplasma gondii orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 and localizes to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), as confirmed by structured illumination microscopy.","method":"Fluorescence microscopy / structured illumination microscopy; sequence orthology analysis","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization confirmed by structured illumination microscopy in a single lab with multiple complementary methods","pmids":["28138739"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"finding":"Conditional knock-down of TgNup302 causes a delay in parasite proliferation, demonstrating an essential role in parasite growth.","method":"Inducible tetracycline-regulated promoter (iKD) knock-down; growth assay","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — conditional KD with defined proliferation phenotype, single lab","pmids":["28138739"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"finding":"TgNup302 is required for nuclear import/export: knock-down of TgNup302 causes the nuclear protein TgENO2 to be trapped in the cytoplasm, indicating a role in nuclear transport.","method":"Conditional knock-down (ATc treatment) followed by immunofluorescence localization of TgENO2","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — functional localization consequence demonstrated in KD parasites, single lab","pmids":["28138739"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"finding":"TgNup302 is essential for 18S rRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, while global mRNA export remains unaffected in knock-down parasites.","method":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in TgNup302 iKD parasites under ATc treatment","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — FISH with KD functional readout, single lab, two cargo types tested","pmids":["28138739"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"finding":"Affinity tag purification combined with mass spectrometry identified TgNup302-interacting proteins including additional NPC components and FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex components, suggesting an NPC-chromatin interaction in T. gondii; reverse immunoprecipitation confirmed these interactions.","method":"Affinity tag purification, mass spectrometry, reverse immunoprecipitation, structured illumination microscopy","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP and MS interactome, single lab, multiple orthogonal methods","pmids":["28138739"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"TgNup302, the T. gondii orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96, is a nuclear pore complex component required for parasite proliferation, selective nuclear export of 18S rRNA (but not bulk mRNA), and nuclear import of at least one nuclear protein (TgENO2); it interacts with additional NPC components and FACT complex subunits, suggesting a link between the NPC and chromatin in Apicomplexa."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"TgNup302 is a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component of Toxoplasma gondii, identified as the parasite orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 and localized to the nuclear envelope by structured illumination microscopy [PMID:28138739]. It is required for parasite proliferation and functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport: its conditional knock-down traps the nuclear protein TgENO2 in the cytoplasm and selectively blocks nuclear export of 18S rRNA while leaving bulk mRNA export intact, indicating a cargo-selective role at the pore [PMID:28138739]. Affinity purification and reciprocal immunoprecipitation place TgNup302 in a physical network that includes additional NPC components and subunits of the FACT chromatin complex, linking the NPC to chromatin biology in this apicomplexan [PMID:28138739]. Beyond these observations, no further mechanistic detail on TgNup302 has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2017,"claim":"Establishing whether Toxoplasma possesses a recognizable Nup98-type nucleoporin, this work identified TgNup302 as the Nup98-96 orthologue and placed it at the nuclear pore complex.","evidence":"Sequence orthology analysis plus structured illumination fluorescence microscopy in T. gondii","pmids":["28138739"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No structural or domain-level dissection of the FG/GLEBS regions","NPC substructure position (cytoplasmic vs nuclear vs central) not resolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"claim":"To test whether TgNup302 is functionally important, conditional knock-down showed a proliferation delay, establishing an essential role in parasite growth.","evidence":"Tetracycline-regulated inducible knock-down (iKD) with growth assay in T. gondii","pmids":["28138739"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Whether the growth defect is a direct transport consequence or secondary to NPC disassembly is not distinguished","Residual protein levels under knock-down not quantified"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"claim":"Addressing what transport processes TgNup302 supports, knock-down mislocalized the nuclear protein TgENO2 to the cytoplasm and selectively blocked 18S rRNA export while sparing bulk mRNA, establishing a cargo-selective role in nucleocytoplasmic transport.","evidence":"Conditional knock-down (ATc) with immunofluorescence localization of TgENO2 and FISH for 18S rRNA vs mRNA in T. gondii","pmids":["28138739"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Molecular basis of cargo selectivity (rRNA vs mRNA) not defined","Whether TgENO2 mislocalization reflects import or retention block not resolved","Only one import cargo tested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2017,"claim":"To place TgNup302 in a molecular context, interactome analysis identified additional NPC components and FACT complex subunits, establishing a candidate NPC-chromatin link in Apicomplexa.","evidence":"Affinity tag purification with mass spectrometry and reverse immunoprecipitation, corroborated by structured illumination microscopy, in T. gondii","pmids":["28138739"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Functional consequence of the FACT interaction not tested","Whether interactions are direct or bridged by other Nups unknown","Stoichiometry and dynamics of the network not defined"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"How TgNup302 achieves selective export of 18S rRNA over mRNA, and whether its physical association with the FACT complex functionally couples the NPC to chromatin, remain unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No mechanism for rRNA-selective export","Functional test of NPC-FACT coupling absent","Structural organization of TgNup302 within the pore unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Nuclear pore complex (NPC)","FACT complex (interacting)"],"partners":["ADDITIONAL NPC COMPONENTS","FACT COMPLEX SUBUNITS","TGENO2 (TRANSPORT CARGO)"],"other_free_text":["Orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 [#0]","Required for parasite proliferation [#1]","Selective for 18S rRNA export; bulk mRNA export unaffected upon knock-down [#3]"]},"strain_conflicts":[]},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"28138739","id":"PMC_28138739","title":"Characterization of a nuclear pore protein sheds light on the roles and composition of the Toxoplasma gondii nuclear pore complex.","date":"2017","source":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28138739","citation_count":13,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":2996,"output_tokens":1152,"usd":0.013134,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":6148,"output_tokens":2342,"usd":0.044645,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.057779,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01TEPNZ4MCzJ7xtsNwosiDRk","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01FQShM7n1sfCr4pWTDShmki","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"TgNup302 is the Toxoplasma gondii orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 and localizes to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), as confirmed by structured illumination microscopy.\",\n      \"method\": \"Fluorescence microscopy / structured illumination microscopy; sequence orthology analysis\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — direct localization confirmed by structured illumination microscopy in a single lab with multiple complementary methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"Conditional knock-down of TgNup302 causes a delay in parasite proliferation, demonstrating an essential role in parasite growth.\",\n      \"method\": \"Inducible tetracycline-regulated promoter (iKD) knock-down; growth assay\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — conditional KD with defined proliferation phenotype, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"TgNup302 is required for nuclear import/export: knock-down of TgNup302 causes the nuclear protein TgENO2 to be trapped in the cytoplasm, indicating a role in nuclear transport.\",\n      \"method\": \"Conditional knock-down (ATc treatment) followed by immunofluorescence localization of TgENO2\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — functional localization consequence demonstrated in KD parasites, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"TgNup302 is essential for 18S rRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, while global mRNA export remains unaffected in knock-down parasites.\",\n      \"method\": \"Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in TgNup302 iKD parasites under ATc treatment\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — FISH with KD functional readout, single lab, two cargo types tested\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"finding\": \"Affinity tag purification combined with mass spectrometry identified TgNup302-interacting proteins including additional NPC components and FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex components, suggesting an NPC-chromatin interaction in T. gondii; reverse immunoprecipitation confirmed these interactions.\",\n      \"method\": \"Affinity tag purification, mass spectrometry, reverse immunoprecipitation, structured illumination microscopy\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Moderate — reciprocal Co-IP and MS interactome, single lab, multiple orthogonal methods\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TgNup302, the T. gondii orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96, is a nuclear pore complex component required for parasite proliferation, selective nuclear export of 18S rRNA (but not bulk mRNA), and nuclear import of at least one nuclear protein (TgENO2); it interacts with additional NPC components and FACT complex subunits, suggesting a link between the NPC and chromatin in Apicomplexa.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TgNup302 is a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component of Toxoplasma gondii, identified as the parasite orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 and localized to the nuclear envelope by structured illumination microscopy [#0]. It is required for parasite proliferation and functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport: its conditional knock-down traps the nuclear protein TgENO2 in the cytoplasm and selectively blocks nuclear export of 18S rRNA while leaving bulk mRNA export intact, indicating a cargo-selective role at the pore [#1, #2, #3]. Affinity purification and reciprocal immunoprecipitation place TgNup302 in a physical network that includes additional NPC components and subunits of the FACT chromatin complex, linking the NPC to chromatin biology in this apicomplexan [#4]. Beyond these observations, no further mechanistic detail on TgNup302 has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing whether Toxoplasma possesses a recognizable Nup98-type nucleoporin, this work identified TgNup302 as the Nup98-96 orthologue and placed it at the nuclear pore complex.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Sequence orthology analysis plus structured illumination fluorescence microscopy in T. gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No structural or domain-level dissection of the FG/GLEBS regions\", \"NPC substructure position (cytoplasmic vs nuclear vs central) not resolved\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"To test whether TgNup302 is functionally important, conditional knock-down showed a proliferation delay, establishing an essential role in parasite growth.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Tetracycline-regulated inducible knock-down (iKD) with growth assay in T. gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Whether the growth defect is a direct transport consequence or secondary to NPC disassembly is not distinguished\", \"Residual protein levels under knock-down not quantified\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"Addressing what transport processes TgNup302 supports, knock-down mislocalized the nuclear protein TgENO2 to the cytoplasm and selectively blocked 18S rRNA export while sparing bulk mRNA, establishing a cargo-selective role in nucleocytoplasmic transport.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Conditional knock-down (ATc) with immunofluorescence localization of TgENO2 and FISH for 18S rRNA vs mRNA in T. gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Molecular basis of cargo selectivity (rRNA vs mRNA) not defined\", \"Whether TgENO2 mislocalization reflects import or retention block not resolved\", \"Only one import cargo tested\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2017,\n      \"claim\": \"To place TgNup302 in a molecular context, interactome analysis identified additional NPC components and FACT complex subunits, establishing a candidate NPC-chromatin link in Apicomplexa.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Affinity tag purification with mass spectrometry and reverse immunoprecipitation, corroborated by structured illumination microscopy, in T. gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"28138739\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"Functional consequence of the FACT interaction not tested\", \"Whether interactions are direct or bridged by other Nups unknown\", \"Stoichiometry and dynamics of the network not defined\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"How TgNup302 achieves selective export of 18S rRNA over mRNA, and whether its physical association with the FACT complex functionally couples the NPC to chromatin, remain unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\"No mechanism for rRNA-selective export\", \"Functional test of NPC-FACT coupling absent\", \"Structural organization of TgNup302 within the pore unknown\"],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0017056\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0, 4], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0051168\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0006606\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [2], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]}\n    ],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005643\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [0], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0006405\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]},\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0051028\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"Nuclear pore complex (NPC)\", \"FACT complex (interacting)\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"Additional NPC components\", \"FACT complex subunits\", \"TgENO2 (transport cargo)\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Orthologue of mammalian Nup98-96 [#0]\",\n      \"Required for parasite proliferation [#1]\",\n      \"Selective for 18S rRNA export; bulk mRNA export unaffected upon knock-down [#3]\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"strain_conflicts\": []\n}\n```","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"ME49","gene_id":"TGME49_259640","name":"NUP302","product":"nucleoporin NUP302","uniprot_acc":"A0A125YI50","chromosome":"TGME49_chrVIIb","start_pos":2735078},{"strain":"GT1","gene_id":"TGGT1_259640","name":null,"product":"nucleoporin autopeptidase","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"TGGT1_chrVIIb","start_pos":2709338},{"strain":"RH88","gene_id":"TGRH88_070510","name":null,"product":"nucleoporin autopeptidase","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"CM023089","start_pos":2755053},{"strain":"VEG","gene_id":"TGVEG_259640","name":null,"product":"nucleoporin autopeptidase","uniprot_acc":"B6KBH4","chromosome":"TGVEG_chrVIIb","start_pos":2752565}]}