{"gene":"TG_232500","gene_symbol":"INCENP1","run_date":"2026-09-08T12:58:24","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2018,"finding":"Toxoplasma gondii possesses a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) composed of Aurora kinase 1 (TgArk1), TgINCENP1, and TgINCENP2, as determined by interaction studies showing TgArk1 interacts with both TgINCENPs.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation / interaction assays identifying complex composition","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — reciprocal interaction shown in single study, single lab","pmids":["30051161"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"finding":"TgINCENP1 appears dispensable for Toxoplasma endodyogeny, as interfering with TgINCENP1 does not produce pronounced division or growth defects, in contrast to TgArk1 or TgINCENP2 disruption.","method":"Loss-of-function genetic interference with phenotypic readout (division and growth assays)","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — negative finding from single lab, direct genetic perturbation with defined phenotypic readout","pmids":["30051161"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"finding":"The Toxoplasma CPC (TgArk1/TgINCENP1/TgINCENP2) exhibits dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization, as determined by direct localization experiments tracking the complex through the cell cycle.","method":"Cell cycle-dependent localization imaging (fluorescence microscopy)","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — direct localization experiment in single lab, single study","pmids":["30051161"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"finding":"TgINCENP2, but not TgINCENP1, is essential for the translocation of TgArk1 to the nucleus, establishing a functional hierarchy within the Toxoplasma CPC.","method":"Genetic interference with TgINCENP2 combined with localization of TgArk1 by fluorescence microscopy","journal":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 2 / Weak — direct functional localization experiment, single lab, single study","pmids":["30051161"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"TgINCENP1 is a component of the Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) together with TgArk1 and TgINCENP2; it interacts with TgArk1 but, unlike TgINCENP2, is dispensable for TgArk1 nuclear translocation and for productive endodyogeny, indicating a non-essential or redundant scaffolding role within the CPC."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"TgINCENP1 is a component of the Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which it forms together with Aurora kinase 1 (TgArk1) and TgINCENP2, with TgArk1 interacting with both INCENP subunits [PMID:30051161]. This complex undergoes dynamic, cell cycle-dependent relocalization consistent with a role in coordinating the parasite's division cycle [PMID:30051161]. Within the CPC, TgINCENP1 occupies a subordinate position: unlike TgINCENP2, it is dispensable for translocation of TgArk1 to the nucleus [PMID:30051161] and its disruption does not produce pronounced endodyogeny or growth defects, in contrast to loss of TgArk1 or TgINCENP2 [PMID:30051161]. These observations point to a non-essential or redundant scaffolding role for TgINCENP1 within the CPC; beyond its participation in this complex, no further mechanistic detail has been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2018,"claim":"Establishing whether Toxoplasma has a CPC and its composition addressed how the parasite might organize Aurora kinase activity during division; interaction studies defined a three-subunit complex including TgINCENP1.","evidence":"Co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assays showing TgArk1 binds both TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2","pmids":["30051161"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Reciprocal interaction shown in a single study/single lab; no structural or stoichiometric characterization of the complex","Direct binding interface between TgINCENP1 and TgArk1 not mapped","Whether TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2 bind TgArk1 simultaneously or competitively is unresolved"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"claim":"Tracking the CPC through the cell cycle addressed when and where the complex acts, revealing dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization consistent with a division-coordinating function.","evidence":"Fluorescence microscopy localization of the TgArk1/TgINCENP1/TgINCENP2 complex across the cell cycle","pmids":["30051161"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single-lab imaging without independent confirmation","Contribution of TgINCENP1 specifically to the observed dynamics not isolated from the other subunits"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"claim":"Determining the functional hierarchy within the CPC addressed which subunit governs TgArk1 delivery; genetic interference showed TgINCENP2, but not TgINCENP1, is required for TgArk1 nuclear translocation.","evidence":"Genetic interference with TgINCENP2 combined with TgArk1 localization by fluorescence microscopy","pmids":["30051161"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Single-lab genetic perturbation; TgINCENP1's positive role, if any, in localization not defined","Molecular basis of the translocation hierarchy unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":2018,"claim":"Assessing the requirement for TgINCENP1 in division addressed whether it is essential; loss-of-function interference produced no pronounced division or growth defect, unlike disruption of TgArk1 or TgINCENP2, indicating a non-essential or redundant role.","evidence":"Loss-of-function genetic interference with division and growth phenotypic readouts","pmids":["30051161"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["Negative finding from a single lab; possible incomplete knockdown or functional redundancy not excluded","Whether TgINCENP1 contributes to CPC function under stress or in other life-cycle stages untested"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The specific molecular function of TgINCENP1 within the CPC and the reason for its dispensability relative to TgINCENP2 remain unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No defined biochemical activity or regulatory function for TgINCENP1","No structural model of the complex or TgINCENP1 binding interface","Basis of functional redundancy or specialization between TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2 unknown"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["Chromosomal passenger complex (CPC): TgArk1 / TgINCENP1 / TgINCENP2"],"partners":["TGARK1 (AURORA KINASE 1)","TGINCENP2"],"other_free_text":["TgINCENP1 is dispensable for endodyogeny and for TgArk1 nuclear translocation, in contrast to TgINCENP2, indicating a subordinate/redundant scaffolding role within the CPC [#1, #3].","The CPC shows dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization [#2]."]},"strain_conflicts":[]},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"30051161","id":"PMC_30051161","title":"Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex is essential for the organization of a functional mitotic spindle: a prerequisite for productive endodyogeny.","date":"2018","source":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30051161","citation_count":22,"is_preprint":false}],"cost":{"stage1":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","input_tokens":3087,"output_tokens":968,"usd":0.011891,"stage1_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"stage2":{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","input_tokens":5828,"output_tokens":2221,"usd":0.042333,"stage2_stop_reason":"end_turn"},"total_usd":0.054224,"stage1_batch_id":"msgbatch_01TEPNZ4MCzJ7xtsNwosiDRk","stage2_batch_id":"msgbatch_01FQShM7n1sfCr4pWTDShmki","note":"batch pricing = 50% of standard"},"stage1_raw":"```json\n{\n  \"discoveries\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"Toxoplasma gondii possesses a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) composed of Aurora kinase 1 (TgArk1), TgINCENP1, and TgINCENP2, as determined by interaction studies showing TgArk1 interacts with both TgINCENPs.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation / interaction assays identifying complex composition\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — reciprocal interaction shown in single study, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"TgINCENP1 appears dispensable for Toxoplasma endodyogeny, as interfering with TgINCENP1 does not produce pronounced division or growth defects, in contrast to TgArk1 or TgINCENP2 disruption.\",\n      \"method\": \"Loss-of-function genetic interference with phenotypic readout (division and growth assays)\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — negative finding from single lab, direct genetic perturbation with defined phenotypic readout\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"The Toxoplasma CPC (TgArk1/TgINCENP1/TgINCENP2) exhibits dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization, as determined by direct localization experiments tracking the complex through the cell cycle.\",\n      \"method\": \"Cell cycle-dependent localization imaging (fluorescence microscopy)\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — direct localization experiment in single lab, single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"finding\": \"TgINCENP2, but not TgINCENP1, is essential for the translocation of TgArk1 to the nucleus, establishing a functional hierarchy within the Toxoplasma CPC.\",\n      \"method\": \"Genetic interference with TgINCENP2 combined with localization of TgArk1 by fluorescence microscopy\",\n      \"journal\": \"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 2 / Weak — direct functional localization experiment, single lab, single study\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"TgINCENP1 is a component of the Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) together with TgArk1 and TgINCENP2; it interacts with TgArk1 but, unlike TgINCENP2, is dispensable for TgArk1 nuclear translocation and for productive endodyogeny, indicating a non-essential or redundant scaffolding role within the CPC.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"TgINCENP1 is a component of the Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which it forms together with Aurora kinase 1 (TgArk1) and TgINCENP2, with TgArk1 interacting with both INCENP subunits [#0]. This complex undergoes dynamic, cell cycle-dependent relocalization consistent with a role in coordinating the parasite's division cycle [#2]. Within the CPC, TgINCENP1 occupies a subordinate position: unlike TgINCENP2, it is dispensable for translocation of TgArk1 to the nucleus [#3] and its disruption does not produce pronounced endodyogeny or growth defects, in contrast to loss of TgArk1 or TgINCENP2 [#1]. These observations point to a non-essential or redundant scaffolding role for TgINCENP1 within the CPC; beyond its participation in this complex, no further mechanistic detail has been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Establishing whether Toxoplasma has a CPC and its composition addressed how the parasite might organize Aurora kinase activity during division; interaction studies defined a three-subunit complex including TgINCENP1.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assays showing TgArk1 binds both TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Reciprocal interaction shown in a single study/single lab; no structural or stoichiometric characterization of the complex\",\n        \"Direct binding interface between TgINCENP1 and TgArk1 not mapped\",\n        \"Whether TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2 bind TgArk1 simultaneously or competitively is unresolved\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Tracking the CPC through the cell cycle addressed when and where the complex acts, revealing dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization consistent with a division-coordinating function.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Fluorescence microscopy localization of the TgArk1/TgINCENP1/TgINCENP2 complex across the cell cycle\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single-lab imaging without independent confirmation\",\n        \"Contribution of TgINCENP1 specifically to the observed dynamics not isolated from the other subunits\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Determining the functional hierarchy within the CPC addressed which subunit governs TgArk1 delivery; genetic interference showed TgINCENP2, but not TgINCENP1, is required for TgArk1 nuclear translocation.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Genetic interference with TgINCENP2 combined with TgArk1 localization by fluorescence microscopy\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Single-lab genetic perturbation; TgINCENP1's positive role, if any, in localization not defined\",\n        \"Molecular basis of the translocation hierarchy unknown\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": 2018,\n      \"claim\": \"Assessing the requirement for TgINCENP1 in division addressed whether it is essential; loss-of-function interference produced no pronounced division or growth defect, unlike disruption of TgArk1 or TgINCENP2, indicating a non-essential or redundant role.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Loss-of-function genetic interference with division and growth phenotypic readouts\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"30051161\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"Negative finding from a single lab; possible incomplete knockdown or functional redundancy not excluded\",\n        \"Whether TgINCENP1 contributes to CPC function under stress or in other life-cycle stages untested\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The specific molecular function of TgINCENP1 within the CPC and the reason for its dispensability relative to TgINCENP2 remain unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No defined biochemical activity or regulatory function for TgINCENP1\",\n        \"No structural model of the complex or TgINCENP1 binding interface\",\n        \"Basis of functional redundancy or specialization between TgINCENP1 and TgINCENP2 unknown\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0005634\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [3], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]}\n    ],\n    \"pathway\": [\n      {\"term_id\": \"GO:0007059\", \"supporting_discovery_ids\": [1, 2], \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]}\n    ],\n    \"complexes\": [\"Chromosomal passenger complex (CPC): TgArk1 / TgINCENP1 / TgINCENP2\"],\n    \"partners\": [\"TgArk1 (Aurora kinase 1)\", \"TgINCENP2\"],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"TgINCENP1 is dispensable for endodyogeny and for TgArk1 nuclear translocation, in contrast to TgINCENP2, indicating a subordinate/redundant scaffolding role within the CPC [#1, #3].\",\n      \"The CPC shows dynamic, cell cycle-dependent localization [#2].\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"strain_conflicts\": []\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"ME49","gene_id":"TGME49_232500","name":"INCENP1","product":"inner centromere protein INCENP1","uniprot_acc":"S8GAQ1","chromosome":"TGME49_chrVIII","start_pos":2117942},{"strain":"GT1","gene_id":"TGGT1_232500","name":null,"product":"hypothetical protein","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"TGGT1_chrVIII","start_pos":2113954},{"strain":"RH88","gene_id":"TGRH88_076580","name":null,"product":"unspecified product","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"CM023089","start_pos":7224227},{"strain":"VEG","gene_id":"TGVEG_232500","name":null,"product":"hypothetical protein","uniprot_acc":"A0A0F7V130","chromosome":"TGVEG_chrVIII","start_pos":2126806}]}