{"gene":"TG_216750","gene_symbol":"LEO1","run_date":"2026-09-10T21:09:19","timeline":{"discoveries":[{"year":2014,"finding":"LEO1, a Paf1 complex subunit, was identified as part of the GCN5b 'core complex' in Toxoplasma gondii. Proteomics revealed that GCN5b (a lysine acetyltransferase) interacts with a core complex that includes the co-activator ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, LEO1 (polymerase-associated factor/Paf1 subunit), and RRM proteins, as well as AP2-domain transcription factors.","method":"Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (proteomics) of HA-tagged dominant-negative GCN5b","journal":"PLoS pathogens","confidence":"Medium","confidence_rationale":"Tier 3 / Moderate — single Co-IP/MS experiment identifying LEO1 as part of the GCN5b complex; no direct functional follow-up on LEO1 itself, single lab","pmids":["24391497"],"is_preprint":false,"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"current_model":"In Toxoplasma gondii, LEO1 (a Paf1 complex subunit) physically associates with the GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex — which also includes ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, and RRM proteins — as identified by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, placing LEO1 within a transcriptional and chromatin remodeling complex essential for parasite proliferation, though its direct functional role within this complex has not been independently characterized."},"narrative":{"mechanistic_narrative":"In Toxoplasma gondii, LEO1 is a polymerase-associated factor (Paf1 complex) subunit that physically associates with the GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex, which also includes the co-activator ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, RRM proteins, and AP2-domain transcription factors, placing LEO1 within a transcription and chromatin-remodeling assembly [PMID:24391497]. Beyond this single co-immunoprecipitation/mass-spectrometry identification [PMID:24391497], LEO1's direct functional role within this complex has not been characterized in the available corpus.","teleology":[{"year":2014,"claim":"It was unknown which factors partner with the GCN5b acetyltransferase in Toxoplasma; proteomics of the GCN5b core complex placed LEO1 within a transcriptional/chromatin-remodeling assembly, connecting a Paf1 subunit to acetyltransferase-driven gene regulation in the parasite.","evidence":"Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of HA-tagged dominant-negative GCN5b in Toxoplasma gondii","pmids":["24391497"],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No direct functional characterization of LEO1 itself within the complex","Interaction shown by single Co-IP/MS without reciprocal validation","No evidence for LEO1 substrates, target genes, or contribution to complex activity"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]},{"year":null,"claim":"The direct molecular function of LEO1, whether the association with GCN5b is direct or bridged, and its individual contribution to transcription or parasite proliferation remain unresolved.","evidence":"","pmids":[],"confidence":"Medium","gaps":["No genetic or biochemical dissection of LEO1 function","No structural or interaction-mapping data","No defined target genes or phenotype for LEO1 loss"],"attribution":[{"species":"Toxoplasma gondii","strain":""}]}],"mechanism_profile":{"molecular_activity":[],"localization":[],"pathway":[],"complexes":["GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex (with ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, RRM proteins, AP2-domain transcription factors) [#0]","Paf1 complex (LEO1 as polymerase-associated factor subunit) [#0]"],"partners":["GCN5B (LYSINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE) [#0]","ADA2-A [#0]","TFIID SUBUNITS [#0]","RRM PROTEINS [#0]","AP2-DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS [#0]"],"other_free_text":["Association with the GCN5b core complex established by a single Co-IP/MS experiment; LEO1's direct functional role within the complex is uncharacterized in the corpus [#0]."]},"strain_conflicts":[]},"prefetch_data":{},"corpus_meta":[{"pmid":"27382155","id":"PMC_27382155","title":"Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose.","date":"2016","source":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27382155","citation_count":318,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"24971596","id":"PMC_24971596","title":"Efficient genome engineering of Toxoplasma gondii using CRISPR/Cas9.","date":"2014","source":"PloS one","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24971596","citation_count":221,"is_preprint":false},{"pmid":"15104593","id":"PMC_15104593","title":"RNA interference in protozoan parasites.","date":"2004","source":"Cellular 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Proteomics revealed that GCN5b (a lysine acetyltransferase) interacts with a core complex that includes the co-activator ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, LEO1 (polymerase-associated factor/Paf1 subunit), and RRM proteins, as well as AP2-domain transcription factors.\",\n      \"method\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (proteomics) of HA-tagged dominant-negative GCN5b\",\n      \"journal\": \"PLoS pathogens\",\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"confidence_rationale\": \"Tier 3 / Moderate — single Co-IP/MS experiment identifying LEO1 as part of the GCN5b complex; no direct functional follow-up on LEO1 itself, single lab\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"24391497\"],\n      \"is_preprint\": false,\n      \"attribution\": [\n        {\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"current_model\": \"In Toxoplasma gondii, LEO1 (a Paf1 complex subunit) physically associates with the GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex — which also includes ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, and RRM proteins — as identified by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, placing LEO1 within a transcriptional and chromatin remodeling complex essential for parasite proliferation, though its direct functional role within this complex has not been independently characterized.\"\n}\n```","stage2_raw":"{\n  \"mechanistic_narrative\": \"In Toxoplasma gondii, LEO1 is a polymerase-associated factor (Paf1 complex) subunit that physically associates with the GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex, which also includes the co-activator ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, RRM proteins, and AP2-domain transcription factors, placing LEO1 within a transcription and chromatin-remodeling assembly [#0]. Beyond this single co-immunoprecipitation/mass-spectrometry identification [#0], LEO1's direct functional role within this complex has not been characterized in the available corpus.\",\n  \"teleology\": [\n    {\n      \"year\": 2014,\n      \"claim\": \"It was unknown which factors partner with the GCN5b acetyltransferase in Toxoplasma; proteomics of the GCN5b core complex placed LEO1 within a transcriptional/chromatin-remodeling assembly, connecting a Paf1 subunit to acetyltransferase-driven gene regulation in the parasite.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of HA-tagged dominant-negative GCN5b in Toxoplasma gondii\",\n      \"pmids\": [\"24391497\"],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No direct functional characterization of LEO1 itself within the complex\",\n        \"Interaction shown by single Co-IP/MS without reciprocal validation\",\n        \"No evidence for LEO1 substrates, target genes, or contribution to complex activity\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    },\n    {\n      \"year\": null,\n      \"claim\": \"The direct molecular function of LEO1, whether the association with GCN5b is direct or bridged, and its individual contribution to transcription or parasite proliferation remain unresolved.\",\n      \"evidence\": \"\",\n      \"pmids\": [],\n      \"confidence\": \"Medium\",\n      \"gaps\": [\n        \"No genetic or biochemical dissection of LEO1 function\",\n        \"No structural or interaction-mapping data\",\n        \"No defined target genes or phenotype for LEO1 loss\"\n      ],\n      \"attribution\": [{\"species\": \"Toxoplasma gondii\", \"strain\": \"\"}]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"mechanism_profile\": {\n    \"molecular_activity\": [],\n    \"localization\": [],\n    \"pathway\": [],\n    \"complexes\": [\n      \"GCN5b lysine acetyltransferase core complex (with ADA2-A, TFIID subunits, RRM proteins, AP2-domain transcription factors) [#0]\",\n      \"Paf1 complex (LEO1 as polymerase-associated factor subunit) [#0]\"\n    ],\n    \"partners\": [\n      \"GCN5b (lysine acetyltransferase) [#0]\",\n      \"ADA2-A [#0]\",\n      \"TFIID subunits [#0]\",\n      \"RRM proteins [#0]\",\n      \"AP2-domain transcription factors [#0]\"\n    ],\n    \"other_free_text\": [\n      \"Association with the GCN5b core complex established by a single Co-IP/MS experiment; LEO1's direct functional role within the complex is uncharacterized in the corpus [#0].\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"strain_conflicts\": []\n}","audit_flag":null,"strains":[{"strain":"ME49","gene_id":"TGME49_216750","name":"LEO1","product":"Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component LEO1","uniprot_acc":"S8ETE7","chromosome":"TGME49_chrXI","start_pos":5915753},{"strain":"GT1","gene_id":"TGGT1_216750","name":null,"product":"Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component LEO1","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"TGGT1_chrXI","start_pos":5836978},{"strain":"RH88","gene_id":"TGRH88_055850","name":null,"product":"Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component LEO1","uniprot_acc":null,"chromosome":"CM023092","start_pos":5976689},{"strain":"VEG","gene_id":"TGVEG_216750","name":null,"product":"Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component LEO1","uniprot_acc":"V4Z3V8","chromosome":"TGVEG_chrXI","start_pos":5913566}]}